Recent SQUID Activities in Europe, Part II: Applications
نویسندگان
چکیده
We present an overview of recent superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) research and development in Europe. History, theory and fundamental experiments and especially practical SQUIDs and SQUID readout were covered by Part I of this overview. Today, the SQUID itself is a rather mature device, the most sensitive magnetic flux and field detector, which finds use also as an amplifier. The current research and development work concentrates mostly on the more traditional and novel applications presented here. We briefly characterize the evolution and status of the following applications: biomagnetic (mostly medical), radiation and particle detection, geomagnetism and related, nondestructive evaluation of materials and structures (NDE), metrology, and fundamental scientific experiments. Some of these found practical acceptance, while the promise and potential of others remains largely unfulfilled. Of all these, the radiation and particle detectors attract presently the most interest and are in a phase of fast development. Received June 30, 2009; accepted July 30, 2009. Reference No. CR12-II; Category 4.
منابع مشابه
Adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) by Squid Ommastrephes bartrami Melanin
The adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) by squid melanin was investigated. At a metal ion concentration of 2 mM/L, the biosorption efficiency of melanin reached 95% for Cd(II) and Pb(II). The maximum content of bound Cd(II) and Pb(II) was 0.93 mM/g and 0.65 mM/g, respectively. Temperature had no obvious effect on the adsorption of the metals, and in a pH range of 4.0-7.0, the adsorption yield was h...
متن کاملتمایزهای گفتمانی راست افراطی در جغرافیای غرب با تاکید بر جایگاه مسلمانان
Why and how intensification of the activities of extreme right-wing groups in the West has become a major issue in security studies in recent years. Despite the differences in the activities of these groups in the two geographies of Western Europe and North America as the main focal points of Western civilization, the available evidence suggests that the greatest opposition to Islam and Muslims...
متن کاملTherapeutic Significance of Loligo vulgaris (Lamarck, 1798) ink Extract: A Biomedical Approach
Background The squid ink extract is well known for its biomedical properties. Objective In this study, squid Loligo vulgaris was collected from Tuticorin costal water, Bay of Bengal, India. Materials and Methods Proximate composition of the crude squid ink was studied and found to have protein as the major component over lipid and carbohydrates. Further, bioactive fractions of squid ink wer...
متن کاملOptimal SQUID based non-destructive test for detecting sub-surface defects with the help of advanced SQUID superconducting sensors and an experimental approach for optimal production method of these sensors from the YBCO superconductor materials
The conventional eddy current method for non-destructive inspection of welding joints has limitations that can examine defects to a certain depth below the surface of the sample and is not suitable for determining deep defects. This limitation can be overcome using the SQUID superconducting sensors. The nonstoichiometric composition of YBCO due to its superconducting temperature and desired cri...
متن کامل